I and II Peter
These two books in the New Testament were written by Apostle Peter. They were written to Jewish Christians as well as Gentile Christians throughout the Mediterranean world.
The theme of I Peter is Christian suffering. We are reminded that we will suffer just as our Lord Jesus Christ suffered. But suffering is only temporary, whereas salvation is eternal. In suffering our faith is refined in the same way that fire purifies gold.
The theme of II Peter is preservation of the true faith. True Christian character is defined as diligently seeking moral excellence; one who is knowledgeable; one who exercises self-control; and one who perseveres and does not give up. Peter warns against false teachers and mockers. The Lord's return will come like a thief in the night, and we must be ready.
I, II, III John
Apostle John is the author of these three books in the New Testament. They were written for preservation of the faith. Christianity settled the Jewish Christian dilemma of faith versus works. Now John fights against the philosophy of Gnosticism. This was a belief that Jesus could not be both God and man.
John writes to give security to those who have believed and that they might be certain of their faith. Certainty comes through walking in the Light, accepting Jesus as the Son of God and having fellowship with God. The love for God and the love for material things cannot co-exist. True love for God is expressed by obeying Him.
Revelation
The last book of the New Testament was also written by Apostle John. The purpose of the book was to encourage Christians under persecution to be faithful to God...God is in control!
Chapters two and three are letters to the seven churches in Asia Minor. Then John wrote of the three woes in chapters four through twenty. Chapter 21 tells of the creation of the new heaven and new earth, and the book ends in Chapter 22 where it is stated that Jesus is coming quickly (22:7). Thus the New Testament ends.
The events of Revelation are in this order:
1. Present Age
2. Tribulation - seven years; rapture may occur prior to this and is the first resurrection where every believer is spared of going through the tribulation period. (Many scholars do not agree with this timing of the rapture.)
3. Battle of Armageddon - the second coming of Christ who comes to defeat the armies of satan on earth and to establish the Kingdom of God.
4. Millennial Age (1,000 years) - an age of Peace - Christ and all his saints establish the Kingdom of God on literal earth. The saints rule and reign during this period, ruling over the sinners that come out of the tribulation alive. Satan is chained in the abyss, so there is no sin during this age of Peace.
5. Satan is Loosed - for a season he will try and tempt people from tribulation period who must then decide to go with the Kingdom of God, or succumb to sin and satan. This is the final rebellion.
6. Great White Throne Judgement - This is the second resurrection. The judgement is of sinners, not saints. The wicked and satan are cast into the lake of fire, and the earth is destroyed by fire. God creates a new earth where there is no sea.
7. Eternity.
This concludes my notes from my class on New Testament Survey. I would enjoy taking a class like this again, and perhaps I will.
Monday, July 23, 2018
Thursday, July 12, 2018
New Testament Survey - Chapter 4
Continuation from my class notes:
The Book of Hebrews
The author of Hebrews is unknown. Many would surmise it was written by Apostle Paul, but it would be unusual for Paul not to identify himself in this letter, since he did in his other 13 epistles. Since my studies in seminary, I lean toward an author no one else has mentioned...Priscilla. Paul often stayed with Priscilla and Aquila, and they were under his teaching as they did tent making together. The theology in Hebrews is very much Pauline, but presented in a different manner.
Priscilla, being a woman, did not dare mention her authorship of the letter as it would have been discarded by her culture, as well as ours. She knew women were not respected for their knowledge or skills. She was very wise in withholding her identity, while presenting one of the strongest writings in a book intended for reestablishing the Jewish Christians in their faith. They could not go back to Judaism and remain established in their salvation experience.
The arguments made in Hebrews are that Jesus Christ is better:
- than angels
- than Moses and Joshua
- as a high priest than the Levites
The New Covenant is better than the Old Covenant, as the Laws are written on the heart, not on a tablet of stone. Faith is the key to salvation and results in practical Christian conduct.
The Book of James
James, the brother of Jesus, is responsible for authorship of this book. The crowd he addresses is the Jews in the Diaspora. He puts strong emphasis on practical Christian living.
James stresses doing more than believing, unlike Paul. True Faith does not discriminate; is always complemented by good works; controls the tongue; does not argue with his neighbors; and remains in open communication with God. Key verse in James:
The Book of Hebrews
The author of Hebrews is unknown. Many would surmise it was written by Apostle Paul, but it would be unusual for Paul not to identify himself in this letter, since he did in his other 13 epistles. Since my studies in seminary, I lean toward an author no one else has mentioned...Priscilla. Paul often stayed with Priscilla and Aquila, and they were under his teaching as they did tent making together. The theology in Hebrews is very much Pauline, but presented in a different manner.
Priscilla, being a woman, did not dare mention her authorship of the letter as it would have been discarded by her culture, as well as ours. She knew women were not respected for their knowledge or skills. She was very wise in withholding her identity, while presenting one of the strongest writings in a book intended for reestablishing the Jewish Christians in their faith. They could not go back to Judaism and remain established in their salvation experience.
The arguments made in Hebrews are that Jesus Christ is better:
- than angels
- than Moses and Joshua
- as a high priest than the Levites
The New Covenant is better than the Old Covenant, as the Laws are written on the heart, not on a tablet of stone. Faith is the key to salvation and results in practical Christian conduct.
The Book of James
James, the brother of Jesus, is responsible for authorship of this book. The crowd he addresses is the Jews in the Diaspora. He puts strong emphasis on practical Christian living.
James stresses doing more than believing, unlike Paul. True Faith does not discriminate; is always complemented by good works; controls the tongue; does not argue with his neighbors; and remains in open communication with God. Key verse in James:
James 1:22 New Living Translation (NLT)
22 But don’t just listen to God’s word. You must do what it says. Otherwise, you are only fooling yourselves.
Wednesday, July 11, 2018
New Testament Survey - Chapter 3
Continuation from my notes:
Paul wrote three letters which are considered the Pastoral Epistles: I and II Timothy and Titus.
The first letter of Timothy is addressed to Paul's devoted disciple who was pastoring in the church at Ephesus. Paul focused on the administration of the local church. The epistle is divided into four major sections: personal greetings; qualities of the laity; qualifications for church leadership; and admonitions to Timothy concerning the ministry.
The second letter to Timothy continued admonitions to him concerning his conduct and ministry. The two most notable challenges:
Paul's second letter to Timothy is considered to be Paul's last epistle written. However, before writing II Timothy, Paul wrote a pastoral letter to Titus, who was also a young pastor struggling with the difficulties of church administration. In this epistle Paul focused on qualifications of leadership and content of sound doctrine.
Titus, more than any other epistle, emphasizes grace and good works:
This completes the 13 letters written by Apostle Paul, which comprises almost half of the 27 books included in the New Testament writings.
Paul wrote three letters which are considered the Pastoral Epistles: I and II Timothy and Titus.
The first letter of Timothy is addressed to Paul's devoted disciple who was pastoring in the church at Ephesus. Paul focused on the administration of the local church. The epistle is divided into four major sections: personal greetings; qualities of the laity; qualifications for church leadership; and admonitions to Timothy concerning the ministry.
The second letter to Timothy continued admonitions to him concerning his conduct and ministry. The two most notable challenges:
2 Timothy 2:15 New Living Translation (NLT)
Work hard so you can present yourself to God and receive his approval. Be a good worker, one who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly explains the word of truth.
2 Timothy 3:16 New Living Translation (NLT)
All Scripture is inspired by God and is useful to teach us what is true and to make us realize what is wrong in our lives. It corrects us when we are wrong and teaches us to do what is right.
Paul's second letter to Timothy is considered to be Paul's last epistle written. However, before writing II Timothy, Paul wrote a pastoral letter to Titus, who was also a young pastor struggling with the difficulties of church administration. In this epistle Paul focused on qualifications of leadership and content of sound doctrine.
Titus, more than any other epistle, emphasizes grace and good works:
Titus 3:4-8 New Living Translation (NLT)
4 But—
When God our Savior revealed his kindness and love, 5 he saved us, not because of the righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He washed away our sins, giving us a new birth and new life through the Holy Spirit.[a] 6 He generously poured out the Spirit upon us through Jesus Christ our Savior. 7 Because of his grace he made us right in his sight and gave us confidence that we will inherit eternal life.
8 This is a trustworthy saying, and I want you to insist on these teachings so that all who trust in God will devote themselves to doing good. These teachings are good and beneficial for everyone.
This completes the 13 letters written by Apostle Paul, which comprises almost half of the 27 books included in the New Testament writings.
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